Gibberellin A4 (GA4) is an endogenous growth regulator found in plants, with the chemical formula C19H24O5, a molecular weight of 332.39, and a CAS number of 468-44-0.
It usually exists as a white to off-white solid . This substance was first isolated by researchers at the University of Tokyo from the fungus Sphaceloma manihoticola in 1957. Its structure contains a tricyclic system bridged by an epoxy methane, exhibiting physiological functions such as promoting stem elongation, inducing flowering, and breaking seed dormancy . Industrially, a segmented pH-controlled extraction method is used to isolate GA4 from gibberellin mixtures, a method proposed by Chinese researchers that reduces organic solvent usage by 60% through a buffered washing process .
In the agricultural field, Gibberellin A4 is commonly used to regulate plant growth. At concentrations of 15-30 mg/L, it can increase the density of apple epidermal cells by 14%-27%, and a 40 mg/L treatment can achieve a fruit set rate of 18.20% in fortune oranges . Its compound formulation with Gibberellin A7 (GA4 7) is listed as a registered pesticide by the EU, the USA, and China, used to improve apple fruit shape and tomato parthenocarpy. At a concentration of 50 ppm, it can increase the single fruit weight of New Red Star apples by 20% [9-10]. This compound has a solubility of up to 100 mg/mL (in DMSO solution) and needs to be stored at low temperatures of -80℃ for research applications .
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